Which of the following conditions qualifies someone under age 65 for Medicare coverage?

The condition that qualifies someone under age 65 for Medicare coverage is end-stage renal disease (ESRD). This specific medical condition is clearly defined by Medicare guidelines, allowing individuals diagnosed with ESRD to receive coverage before they reach the typical eligibility age of 65. ESRD occurs when the kidneys can no longer filter blood effectively, often requiring dialysis or kidney transplantation, which are substantial healthcare needs that warrant Medicare support.

The other conditions listed—high blood pressure, obesity, and smoking-related illness—do not independently qualify individuals under age 65 for Medicare. While these health issues may lead to significant medical costs and health care needs, they do not trigger Medicare eligibility by themselves. Only those with particular serious conditions, like ESRD, are included in the special classifications that allow for earlier Medicare coverage.