Which of the following is NOT a pillar of bioethics?

In the field of bioethics, the primary pillars are autonomy, justice, beneficence, and non-maleficence. These concepts provide a foundational framework for ethical decision-making, particularly in health care and medical research.

Autonomy refers to the right of individuals to make informed choices about their own lives and bodies. Justice involves fairness in the distribution of resources and treatment among individuals. Beneficence emphasizes the obligation to act for the benefit of others and promote their well-being.

While empathy is an important quality in health care and ethical practice, it does not constitute a pillar of bioethics. Instead, empathy serves as an interpersonal skill that enhances communication and understanding between health care providers and patients. Thus, the correct response highlights that empathy, while valuable, is not formally recognized as one of the cornerstone principles guiding bioethical discussions and standards.