Which power is defined as the government's authority to protect those who cannot protect themselves?

The concept defined as the government's authority to protect those who cannot protect themselves is known as parens patriae power. This legal doctrine empowers the state to act as a guardian for individuals who are unable to care for themselves, such as minors, individuals with mental illnesses, or those who are incapacitated in some way.

Parens patriae literally translates to "parent of the nation," emphasizing the government's role in ensuring the welfare of its vulnerable citizens. This power enables the government to intervene in various situations, including custody disputes, child welfare cases, and mental health matters, thereby ensuring that those who cannot advocate for themselves receive the necessary protection and care.

In contrast, police power refers to the authority to enact laws and regulations for the order, safety, and health of the public. State power generally denotes the overall authority of the government, often encompassing a broader range of powers, while inherent power refers to powers that are not explicitly listed in legislation but are understood to be necessary for the government to function effectively.